1.2 Twenty-first Century Chemistry, aka Green Chemistry 13 1.2.1 Green Chemistry and Pollution Prevention 13 1.2.2 Sustainability 14 1.3 Layout of the Book 18 References 19 2 PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY AND GREEN ENGINEERING 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Green Chemistry 23 2.2.1 Definition 23 2.2.2 Principles of Green Chemistry and Examples 24 The book presents the major concepts of green chemistry in six chapters. Content Accuracy rating: 5. The content is accurate and to the point. Relevance/Longevity rating: 5. All the materials presented in this book are updated. Clarity rating: 5. The text is written in simple language that should be helpful for the readers to understand the topic. 12 Principles of Green Chemistry bookmark Author: US EPA Subject: bookmark showing the 12 principles of green chemistry Keywords: sustainable chemistry, source reduction, greener synthetic pathways, greener reaction conditions, design of greener chemicals Created Date: 10/26/2012 12:29:36 PM Green chemistry aims to minimize risk by eliminating or reducing the use of hazardous substances. It involves inventing new methods to reduce chemical hazards while producing superior products in a more efficient and more economical way. A chemical reaction can generally be written as Thus, the hazards involving the starting materials, the The 12 Key Principles of Green Chemistry. The twelve principles put forward by the American chemists' Paul Anastas and John Warner in the year 1998 to lay the foundation for green chemistry are listed below. Prevention of waste: preventing the formation of waste products is always preferable to the clean-up of the waste once it is generated. 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. Pharmaceutical Applications Traditional synthesis of ibuprofen (CH3CO)2O AlCl3 O ClCH2CO2C2H5 NaOC2H5 O CHCO2C2H5 H+ H2O CHO H2NOH HC NOH CN CO 2 H Ibuprofen. Pharmaceutical Applications Alternative synthesis of ibuprofen (CH3CO2)O HF O H2 catalyst CO2H Ibuprofen OH CO, Pd Green Chemistry Challenge Awards; Canada: The Canadian Green Chemistry Medal is an annual award given to any individual or group for promotion and development of green chemistry; Italy: Green Chemistry activities in Italy centre on inter-university consortium known as INCA. In 1999, INCA has given three awards annually to industry for PROBLEMS WITH CURRENTLY USED SOLVENTS In the US in the early 1990's: • solvent production was 26 million tons p.a. • of tracked chemicals, many of the top chemicals released or disposed of were solvents 2 1 Introduction to Green Chemistry, Organic Synthesis and Pharmaceuticals This serendipitous discovery marked the advent of the synthetic dyestuffs indus- try based on coal tar, a waste product from steel manufacture. The development of mauveine was followed by the industrial synthesis of the natural dyes alizarin • Green Chemistry is being incorporated in to K‐12 science courses. • Green Chemistry is being introduced at the collegg/ ye/university level. • Green Chemistry is being taught to practicing chemists and business leaders. …are we changing the education of scientist to enter the workforce 2. Basic principles of green chemistry 1 ¢1 1 ¢1 1 1 1WX1 1 1 ¢1 1 1 1 [1]. Nowadays, these 12 principles of green chemistry are considered the fundaments to con-tribute to sustainable development. Green chemistry by Paul T. Anastas. Publication date 2000 Topics Environmental chemistry -- Industrial applications, Environmental management Publishe