Before Gentoos start their moult, they eat more food and put on weight. They then stay on dry land and live off their fat reserves whilst they wait for their old feathers to drop out and new ones push through. It is important that the penguin enclosure is kept clean, as with any of our other exhibits. Baldassin, P., Taniquchi, S., Gallo, H., Silva, R.H. and R.C. Montone. Persistent organic pollutants in juvenile Magellan penguins ( Spheniscus magellanicus) found on the northern shore of the state of São Paulo and southern shore of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 64 (11): 2502-2506. 2012. "After researching the life history of penguins in the wild and reading the AZA (American Zoos and Aquariums) Penguin Husbandry Manual, what became apparent was that penguins in the wild spend most of their lives swimming in the ocean and therefore when in a captive environment should probably spend a lot of time swimming as well. When Chapter 5: diet and nutrition. In: Penguin Taxon Advisory Group: Penguin Husbandry Manual, 3rd Edition. American Association of Zoo and Aquarium Association. David JHM. 1987. Diet of the South African fur seal (1974-1985) and an assessment of competition with fisheries in southern Africa. In: Payne AIL, Gulland JA, Brink KH, editors. The relationship continues and today modern zoos and aquariums offer scientists unique opportunities to carry out research on the biology of the animals and plants they care for, which cannot be undertaken effectively in the wild. There are a huge range of topics covered within zoo and aquarium research. Many UK zoo animals are part of European A Manual For Control of Infectious Diseases in Amphibian Survival Assurance Colonies and Reintroduction Programs - San Diego Zoo, 2009; Amphibian Husbandry Resource Guide - Poole, V. A., Grow, S. 2008; Green Tree Frog - Harper, B. 2007; Native Frog Captive Husbandry Manual - Webster, N. 2004; Southern Corroboree Frog - Richards, N. 2007 Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichtyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) - Papers of the year 2017 -, shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 01/2018; ISSN: 2195-6499 dietary husbandry were developed from studies of natural feeding ecology, published nutrient requirements of related species, information on potential penguin foods and their nutrient composition, and evidence of food preferences. Penguin foods are perishable and particularly susceptible to loss of thiamin and vitamin E.